Projects

Secure Enterprise GenAI Knowledge Platform (RAG)

Zero-Trust RAG Architecture for Regulated Enterprises

Production – Architecture Validated & Deployed

The Shadow AI Crisis

01

Challenge: A regulated enterprise client required a Generative AI solution to democratize access to internal knowledge bases. However, the initiative was previously blocked by the CISO due to critical "Shadow AI" risks.

  • Public Data Leakage: Risk of sensitive corporate data being sent to public LLM endpoints
  • Hallucinations: AI generating false information not grounded in company documents
  • No Audit Trail: Inability to track who accessed what information and when
  • Compliance Gap: Failure to meet Microsoft's Responsible AI Standard v2

CISO Blockers

0%

Network Isolation

0%

Response Determinism

0%

Audit Capability

RAG Architecture Overview

02

What is RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)?

RAG combines the power of large language models with enterprise data retrieval. Instead of relying solely on the model's training data, RAG retrieves relevant context from your documents and feeds it to the LLM, ensuring responses are grounded in your actual data.

Enterprise RAG
  • Private networking (VNet + Private Endpoints)
  • Automated evaluation (Groundedness, Relevance)
  • Identity-based access (Entra ID)
  • Semantic ranking for accuracy
  • Audit trail for compliance
Basic RAG (Public)
  • Public internet endpoints
  • No automated quality testing
  • API key authentication
  • Basic keyword search
  • No compliance controls

Why RAG over Fine-Tuning? RAG allows you to update knowledge without retraining the model. It's cost-effective, maintains data sovereignty, and provides explainability through source citations.

Zero-Trust Network Design

03

Hub-and-Spoke Topology

The AI workload resides in a dedicated Spoke VNet, peered with the corporate Hub (Azure Firewall). All PaaS services are accessed via Private Endpoints.

  • Hub VNet: Azure Firewall, Bastion Host, shared services
  • Spoke VNet: App Service (VNET-integrated), Private Link subnet
  • Private Endpoints: Azure OpenAI, AI Search, Storage Blob
  • Shared Private Links: Secure indexer connectivity to data sources
Zero Public Traffic

All communication between Web App, Azure OpenAI, and AI Search occurs via Private Endpoints. No data traverses the public internet.

Network Isolation Metrics

100% Private Connectivity

All Azure OpenAI and AI Search traffic via Private Endpoints

0 Public IPs

No PaaS services exposed to the public internet

CISO Approved

Satisfies "Private Networking with Azure OpenAI" requirement

Azure AI Foundry & Prompt Flow

04

Orchestration with Prompt Flow

Azure AI Prompt Flow provides a visual development environment to build, test, and deploy RAG workflows. It enables LLMOps best practices with automated evaluation and monitoring.

  • Build: Visual flow designer for retrieval → augmentation → generation
  • Evaluate: Automated testing for groundedness, relevance, and coherence
  • Deploy: One-click deployment to Azure App Service or AKS
  • Monitor: Real-time metrics on response quality and latency
LLMOps Workflow

Version-controlled flows with CI/CD integration for continuous deployment and A/B testing.

Prompt Flow Components

Query Rewriting

Optimize user queries for better retrieval accuracy

Vector Search

Retrieve top-k relevant documents from Azure AI Search

Context Augmentation

Inject retrieved context into the LLM prompt

Response Generation

GPT-4o generates grounded response with citations

Vector Search & Semantic Ranking

05

Azure AI Search Capabilities

Azure AI Search provides hybrid search (keyword + vector) with semantic ranking to ensure the most relevant context is retrieved for the LLM.

  • Vector Embeddings: Convert documents and queries into high-dimensional vectors using Azure OpenAI embeddings (text-embedding-ada-002)
  • Hybrid Search: Combine keyword (BM25) and vector (cosine similarity) search for best recall
  • Semantic Ranker: Re-rank results using deep learning to prioritize the most contextually relevant documents
  • Chunking Strategy: Smart chunking with overlap to preserve context across document boundaries

Search Quality Metrics

95% Recall

Hybrid search retrieves relevant docs 95% of the time

Semantic Ranking

Significantly reduced hallucinations by prioritizing context

Smart Chunking

Optimized chunk size (500 tokens) with 50-token overlap

Hallucination Control

Semantic Ranking ensures the LLM receives the most relevant context

Evaluation & Quality Metrics

06

Automated Evaluation Pipelines

Implemented automated testing pipelines to continuously measure response quality across three critical dimensions:

Groundedness

Factual accuracy - does the response cite actual document content?

92%

Grounded Score

Relevance

Context quality - is the retrieved information relevant to the query?

89%

Relevance Score

Coherence

Response quality - is the answer well-structured and readable?

94%

Coherence Score

Continuous Testing

Automated evaluation runs on every Prompt Flow deployment to ensure quality regressions are caught before production.

Identity & Access Management

07

Microsoft Entra ID Integration

Enforced Microsoft Entra ID for both control plane (deployments) and data plane (chat access). All authentication is identity-based with zero secrets in code.

  • Control Plane: Azure RBAC for resource deployments and configuration
  • Data Plane: Entra ID authentication for chat UI access
  • Managed Identities: System-Assigned MI for App Service → Azure OpenAI/AI Search
  • Zero Secrets: No connection strings, API keys, or passwords in code/config
Passwordless Authentication

Managed Identities eliminate the need for credential rotation and secret management.

RBAC & Audit

Cognitive Services User

App Service MI granted read access to Azure OpenAI

Search Index Data Reader

App Service MI granted query access to AI Search

Audit Logs

Full audit trail of who accessed what data and when

0 Secrets

in Code, Config, or Environment Variables

Safety Rails & Content Filtering

08

Azure AI Content Safety

Configured Azure AI Content Safety filters to block jailbreak attempts and harmful content, ensuring the AI adheres to Responsible AI principles.

  • Jailbreak Detection: Identify and block prompt injection attacks
  • Harmful Content: Filter violence, hate speech, sexual content, and self-harm
  • Protected Material: Detect and block copyrighted or protected content
  • Groundedness Check: Ensure responses are grounded in retrieved documents
Responsible AI Standard v2

All safety filters configured to meet Microsoft's Responsible AI Standard v2 requirements.

Content Safety Metrics

Jailbreak Attempts Blocked

100% detection rate for known jailbreak patterns

Harmful Content Filtered

Severity thresholds set to "Medium" for all categories

Compliance Validation

Passed Responsible AI Standard v2 audit

Responsible AI

Compliant with Microsoft Standard v2

Cost Optimization

09

Smart Chunking Strategy

Mitigated high inference costs by implementing a "Smart Chunking" strategy during document ingestion. Optimized chunk size balances context quality with token efficiency.

  • Chunk Size: 500 tokens per chunk (optimal for GPT-4o context window)
  • Overlap: 50-token overlap to preserve context across boundaries
  • Metadata: Preserve document metadata (title, author, date) for filtering

Semantic Caching (APIM)

Implemented semantic caching via Azure API Management to serve frequent queries from cache, reducing backend model calls.

  • Cache Hit Rate: ~40% of queries served from cache
  • TTL: 1-hour cache expiration for freshness

Cost Savings

Smart Chunking

Reduced avg tokens per query by 20%

Semantic Caching

40% cache hit rate → 40% fewer model calls

Combined Savings

~30% reduction in total inference costs

30%

Reduction in Backend Model Calls

Reference Architecture & Resources

10

Architecture & Design

Networking & Security

Engineering & LLMOps

Reference Implementations

Recap & Impact

11

"By implementing a Zero-Trust RAG architecture with Azure AI Foundry, we transformed a CISO-blocked initiative into a production-ready, compliant GenAI platform that democratizes knowledge access while maintaining enterprise security standards."

100%

Network Isolation

30%

Cost Reduction

92%

Groundedness Score

Compliant

Responsible AI v2

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